Construction material



July 11, 1933. A. c. FISCHER CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL Filed Jan. 16, 19307I, I 0 c l/ I.

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wemaiismer Patented July 11, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT: OFFICE ALBERT O.FISCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIG'NOR T PHILIP CAREY IJIANUFACTURINGCOMPANY, A CORPORA'IIQN'OF OHIO i CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Applicationfiled January 16,1930. Serial K01 121355.

This invention relates to roofing elements and roof covering, vices ormeans associated with some element of the roof covering for use infacilitating the accurate and speedy, as well as economical, laying ofthe shingle elements. V

Heretofore, it has been the practice in laying shingles to chalk markhorizontal lines on a roof to facilitate the laying'of shingles in astraight even row. This was done by applying chalk to a string that wasdrawn tight from one side of the roof to the other and held thereby twomen or fastened at its opposite end and then allowing the cord to strikeagainst'the roofing or surface upon which the shingles were to beapplied so as to give a horizontal line. After this the string wasremoved and the shingles laid. No means, whatever, was provided forspacing the; shingles and this spacing'had to be estimated by the men'applying the shingles. This all involved time, labor, material and wasnot always accurate.

The object of my invention is to provide marking means or devices on afoundation layer of waterproofing felt which may advantageously beapplied between the roof deck and the roofing elements. The markingmeans or devices may be pressed, scored, raised or otherwise marked uponthe foundation layer, horizontally and vertically, in the form of anydesired pattern-chart to serve as a guiding means, whereby workmen,whether highly skilled or of limited experience can instantly andaccurately align and space the shingles, slate, tile and the like, thatis to be used in making up the weather exposed finishing surface of theroof.

Figure 1 is' a plan viewof a roof section embodying the presentinvention;

Figure 2 is a view in cross-section of a roofing structure, showing onemethod of overlapping the roofing elements; Figure 3 illustrates a plainfoundation to which the roofing elements may be applied;

. Figure 4 illustrates the face of the foundation strip marked with apattern-chart;

Figure 5 illustrates the face of thefounda: tion strip marked withanother patternchart;

Figure 6 illustrates the foundation sheet marked to indicate places thruwhich nailing means are to be inserted;

Figure 7 illustrates a foundation sheet and and particularly to de--roofing element joined in off-set relation so that resultingunits maybe'laid in abutting relation to form continuous, unbroken layers;

igure 7 is a modified form of joining the foundation sheet and roofingelement 1n ofiset relation Figures8 and 9 illustrate methods of abuttingadjacent roofing unitsand nailing them in place;

Figure 10 illustrates a method of abutting adjacent roofing units andadhering themj and I v Figure 11 isa view in cross section of a roofingstructure showing the foundation layers overlapped to form a planeunbroken sheeting cover, and shingles superposed on the sheeting cover.

Referring specifically to inventionlis typified'by a roofing structureoverlaid with sheathing board f to which are applied an intermediatefoundation element a, and weather exposed elements B. The foundationelements and weather exposed elements are nailed in placebynails (Zwhich are driven through nail holes As illus trated'in Fig. 2, thefoundation elements may intervene between adjacentcourses of the weatherexposed elements to cushion them,

thereby preventing any tendency forthem to break or grate oneupontheiother. "In order to protect against any moisture, which mightfind its way between'theoverlapping courses, the foundation elements mayadvantageously extend, as at 0, any desired extent beyond the edge ofthe weather surfacing elements.

These foundation elements are marked with any suitable devices forfacilitating speedy laying of the weather exposed elements, and insuringaccurate alignment of them onthe roof. These marks may be in weatherexposed elements, the horizontal line I may-be eliminated, leavingmerely the vertical line. Ordinarily, weather exposed elements arepreferably spaced in order to prevent buckling and also tomake the lineof division 6' more pronounced. For this purpose the vertlcal markingmay be in the form the drawing, the

(Fig. 5) of narrowly spaced double line'shh.

Near the lower edge of the foundation sheet another horizontal markingJ. (Fig. 6) may advantageously be provided to serve as a nailing line,and, on this line at spaced intervals, marks Krmay be advantageouslyemployed to indicate the nailing position of the courses withoverlapping or abutting edges, and then covered with rows of surfacmgelements. In Fig. 7, two foundation sheets ac are arranged in offsetrelation .to provide a slab having. a lap Z adapted to mate with anotherslab of similar construction which is laid in abutting relation, therebyproviding double layer foundation for the surfacing elements.

Fig. 8 discloses still another modification wherein sheets may be laidin courses with overlapping edges, and then covered with rows of weathersurfacing elements B fitted to lie flush with the bottom edge of animmediately underlyin course and to. abut the bottom edges of the nextsucceeding course. Thus positionedthe foundation sheets and Weathersurfacing elements are laid by nail ing means, such as staples M, bydriving one prong'through'the surfacing elements and the other throughthe overlapping edges of the foundation sheets.

The surfaces of sheets a in these modifications may be marked the sameas described and illustrated in respect to Figs. 4:, 5 and 6.

v The modification disclosed 'in Fig. 7 is especially-suited .as'astarting strip. It differs'fromthat disclosed in Fig. 7 only in the factthat'one edge is rabbeted, leaving the other edge squared by having theedges of both members flush. 'f

Since the surface elements are underlaid with a plane unbroken sheetcovering it is unnecessary to overlap the surfacing elements themselves,although these may be also overlapped and nailed with the nailing meansconcealed thereunder. obtained, as illustrated in Fig. 9, by arrangingthe foundation sheets so that surfacing elements B will overlap the.nailing margin of a previously laid course.

Fig. 10 shows a series of ofiset slabs, such as illustrated in Fig. 7,laid end to end and overlapping a single layer starting strip. Cementmay be advantageously employed at the seams to bond the units into aunitary 7 whole to provide a solid foundation or roof. .60

covering. The surface of this roofing covering may be left plain ormarked in decorative design to simulate individual shingles.

This result 'may be 1 in detail may be made without departing from the.spirit of- Iclaim: H

1. In a roof, the combination of a roofdeck, a plane unbrokensheeting-cover of felt orv like material having previously imprinted onits upper surface suitably spaced and intersected guide-lines to form apattern-chart the invention."

.Whereby thela-ying and securing of shingles,

slate or tile outer-surfacefinishing members is facilitated in 'a speedyand accurate man-. nerto suit the various designs of roof to beeffected, and fastening nails driven through the said shingles, slate'ortile'finishing members and the intervening V pattern-chart intosaid'r'oof-deck, substantially as shown and described. y I

2. In a roof, the combination of a roofdeck, a plane unbroken sheetingcover having previously imprinted on its upper surface suitably s'pacedand intersected guidelincs'to form a pattern-chart whereby the layingand securing of shingles, slate or tile outer-surface finishing membersis facilitated in a speedy and accurate manner to suit the variousdesigns of roof to be effected, and fastening nails driven throughthesaid shingles, slate or tile finishing members and the interveningpattern-chart into said roofdeck, substantially as shown and described.

3. A roofing structure comprising. a plane unbroken sheeting coverhaving spaced vertical and horizontal guide-lines thereon to form apattern-chart, overlappingcourses of shingles attached' to said sheetingcover as indicated by the pattern-chart, and fasten ingnails driventhrough thelshingles to secure same to a deck.

4. A roofing structure comprising a plane unbrokensheeting cover havingguide-lines thereon to form a pattern-chart, overlapping courses ofshingles attached to said sheeting cover as indicated by thepattern-chart, and fastening nails driven through the shingles to securesame to a deck. '5. A roofing structure comprising a plane unbrokensheeting cover having guide-lines thereon, to' provide pattern-chartswhereby shingles may be laid in a selected design, overlapping coursesof shinglesattached to said sheeting covering as indicated by theselected design, and fastening nails driven through. 1

Signed at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,'this 7thday of January 1930.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

